Atlantis heads to International Space Station after final launch Friday carrying, launch, before, craft, local

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Atlantis heads to International Space Station after final launch Friday


CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida -- Atlantis headed to the International Space Station Saturday after rocketing off its launch pad for a final time, marking the last liftoff of the US space shuttle program.


The space shuttle, which lifted off shortly before noon Friday local time, is carrying a crew of four US astronauts on a 12-day mission to re-stock the orbiting lab.


On Saturday the Atlantis crew inspected the craft's thermal protection system, the outer barrier that protects it from the searing heat upon re-entry into the earth's atmosphere, in preparation for Sunday's docking at the orbiting ISS.


Crew members are using the shuttleís robotic arm "and 50-foot (15-meter) long orbiter boom sensor system to get a close up look at the shuttleís wing leading edges and nose cap," NASA said in a statement.


Cameras on the end of the boom will take close-up pictures of the thermal protection system, made in part of a composite material known as reinforced carbon carbon (RCC).


"Imagery experts on the ground will comb through the data to make sure that the heat shield remains in good shape," the statement said.


The inspections "are standard operations to ascertain if there was any ascent damage to the vehicleís heat shield tiles," NASA said.


In February 2003 the space shuttle Columbia was destroyed upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, and a panel of experts concluded that a heat shield tile on the craft's wing was damaged at blast-off, fatally compromising the craft's re-entry protection.


The Atlantis shuttle mission marks the end of an era in human spaceflight. The United States will soon have no spacecraft capable of taking astronauts into orbit, leaving Russia's three-seat Soyuz capsule as the sole taxi to the ISS.


At least 750,000 people descended on Florida Friday to catch a glimpse of history, braving snarled traffic and warnings of stormy weather that had briefly threatened to postpone the mission.


Once the shuttle retires, astronauts will be limited to catching rides to the ISS aboard the Soyuz spacecraft at a cost of $51 million per ticket.

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As many as 8,000 people, mostly at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida are being laid off with the closure of the shuttle program.


In the days leading up to Atlantis's last launch, NASA fended off criticism over the lack of an immediate successor to the shuttle and showed off the design of the Orion space capsule, the basis for a multipurpose crew vehicle that may some day travel to deep space.


"I don't see this is as the end of the golden era," said NASA associate administrator for space operations Bill Gerstenmaier after the launch. "I see it as a transition."


Private companies like SpaceX, Boeing and Sierra Nevada are competing to become the first to build a next-generation space capsule to take astronauts and cargo to the orbiting research lab.


But those plans are not likely to come to fruition before 2015 at the earliest.


Former president Richard Nixon ordered the shuttle program in the 1970s, and the first shuttle mission was launched in 1981.


The space shuttle Atlantis' payload bay is seen with the earth in the background in this photo provided by NASA



The space shuttle Atlantis STS-135 lifts off from launch pad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, July 8, 2011. The 12-day mission to the International Space Station is the last mission in the Space Shuttle program.